CYTOGENETICS DEPARTMENT

Oncology: Chromosome changes in cancer

Chromosome analysis in cancer allows the detection of genetic changes in tumour cells, which have been acquired during the disease process.
The Philadelphia rearrangement shown here is typical in chronic myeloid leukaemia. At the molecular level this rearrangement results in the creation of a novel fusion gene, with malignant potential. Understanding of this rearrangement allows its detection by sensitive molecular methods, such as DNA analysis and FISH (molecular cytogenetics), important in monitoring residual disease and relapse.

This genetic change is a paradigm for malignant disease

The department provides a routine service for chromosome analysis in leukaemia and lymphoma, providing information for diagnosis, prognosis and disease management

Sample types:

Bone marrow is the preferred sample in analysis of leukaemia. Samples should be taken into heparinised transport medium, (supplied by the department on request).

For analysis of lymphoma, a fresh lymph node biopsy is required. Sterile transport medium is supplied by the department.
Prompt dispatch to the laboratory is essential. Any delay may compromise results.

Urgent leukaemic marrows may be reported the following day. Lymph node results are usually available within a week